Top Things to Do in Mongolia: Unforgettable Adventures and Cultural Experiences

Mongolia offers a wealth of unique activities, from exploring vast landscapes and interacting with nomadic herders to participating in age-old festivals. Whether you’re seeking adventure or a deeper understanding of Mongolia’s rich cultural heritage, there’s something for every traveler in this remote and fascinating country. Here are some of the top things to do in Mongolia to make the most of your journey.

1. Trekking in the Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains, located in western Mongolia, offer some of the best trekking experiences in the country. This rugged, remote region is known for its stunning peaks, glaciers, and vast grasslands. Trekking through the Altai allows you to witness the incredible landscape while also experiencing the traditions of the Kazakh eagle hunters, who use golden eagles to hunt in the winter. Travelers can join organized treks that include visits to nomadic camps and explore hidden valleys and ancient petroglyphs along the way.

2. Camel Riding in the Gobi Desert

One of the most iconic experiences in Mongolia is exploring the vast Gobi Desert on camelback. The Bactrian camels, known for their two humps and resilience in desert conditions, are a traditional mode of transport for Mongolian nomads. You can ride camels across the stunning Khongoryn Els Dunes, also known as the “Singing Dunes” due to the sound the sand makes when it moves. This experience allows you to immerse yourself in the dramatic landscapes of the Gobi while learning about the desert’s unique wildlife and nomadic culture.

3. Experience Nomadic Life in a Ger

One of the most authentic cultural experiences in Mongolia is staying in a traditional Mongolian ger (yurt) with a nomadic family. These portable, round felt tents have been used by nomads for centuries, and staying in one offers a glimpse into the nomadic lifestyle that still thrives today. During your stay, you’ll participate in daily tasks like herding animals, milking livestock, and preparing traditional Mongolian meals such as buuz (dumplings) or airag (fermented mare’s milk). This is a great way to connect with the people of Mongolia and gain insight into their traditional way of life.

4. Attend the Naadam Festival

The Naadam Festival, held every July, is Mongolia’s largest cultural celebration and showcases the country’s “Three Manly Sports”: wrestling, horse racing, and archery. The festival takes place in Ulaanbaatar as well as rural areas, allowing visitors to witness these ancient competitions firsthand. Naadam is more than just a sporting event—it’s a celebration of Mongolian history, culture, and identity. Attending Naadam offers travelers the chance to experience local music, dance, and cuisine while observing some of the country’s most exciting traditional competitions.

5. Explore Khuvsgul Lake

Often referred to as the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia,” Khuvsgul Lake is one of the country’s most beautiful natural attractions. Surrounded by mountains and forests, this crystal-clear lake offers a peaceful retreat for nature lovers. Popular activities around Khuvsgul include hiking, horseback riding, and kayaking on the lake’s pristine waters. In winter, the frozen lake becomes a haven for winter sports enthusiasts who enjoy ice skating, dog sledding, and snowmobiling. Visiting Khuvsgul Lake allows travelers to experience the serene beauty of Mongolia’s northern region.

6. Visit the Flaming Cliffs

Located in the Gobi Desert, the Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag) are famous for their red sandstone formations and for being the site of some of the most significant dinosaur fossil discoveries in the world. The cliffs earned their name due to the fiery red color they take on at sunset. Visitors can explore this otherworldly landscape, hike among the cliffs, and even search for fossils. The Flaming Cliffs are a must-visit for history buffs and those intrigued by Mongolia’s prehistoric past.

7. Horseback Riding in the Mongolian Steppe

Horseback riding is central to Mongolian culture, and no trip to Mongolia is complete without exploring the country’s vast steppes on horseback. The open plains provide the perfect backdrop for long rides across the landscape, following in the footsteps of ancient Mongol horsemen. Whether you’re a seasoned rider or a beginner, guided horseback tours are available across the country, allowing travelers to experience Mongolia’s natural beauty while gaining a deeper understanding of its nomadic traditions. Horses have played a vital role in Mongolia’s history, particularly during the era of Genghis Khan, making this activity both culturally and historically significant.

8. Explore Terelj National Park

Terelj National Park, located just outside of Ulaanbaatar, is one of Mongolia’s most accessible natural reserves. Known for its striking rock formations, lush valleys, and picturesque rivers, Terelj is ideal for hiking, camping, and wildlife viewing. Visitors can also see the famous Turtle Rock and visit the Aryabal Meditation Temple, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Staying overnight in a traditional ger camp within the park allows visitors to fully experience the beauty of this tranquil area while enjoying outdoor activities.

9. Visit the Erdene Zuu Monastery in Karakorum

Located in the ancient capital of Karakorum, the Erdene Zuu Monastery is one of the oldest and most significant Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia. Founded in the 16th century, the monastery was built using materials from the ruins of Karakorum, the former capital of the Mongol Empire. Visitors can explore the monastery’s ancient temples and stupas, gaining insight into Mongolia’s rich religious history and the influence of Buddhism on Mongolian culture. Erdene Zuu is a key destination for those interested in Mongolia’s spiritual and historical heritage.

10. Wildlife Safari in Hustai National Park

Hustai National Park is famous for its successful reintroduction of the wild Przewalski’s horse (Takhi), the only remaining species of wild horse. The park is also home to a variety of wildlife, including red deer, marmots, and numerous bird species. Visitors can embark on a wildlife safari to observe these animals in their natural habitat, as well as explore the park’s vast steppes and mountains. Hustai National Park is a great destination for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.

From trekking in remote mountains to experiencing the unique culture of Mongolia’s nomads, the country offers a variety of unforgettable experiences. Whether you’re drawn to the wilderness or the rich traditions of its people, Mongolia promises an adventure unlike any other.